Parts of Speech

Parts of Speech are the basic types of words that make up English grammar. Each word in a sentence plays a specific role or function, and these roles are classified into eight main categories.

Here’s a brief introduction to each part of speech with examples:

1. Noun

A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. Examples:

• Person: teacher, doctor

• Place: school, park

• Thing: book, phone

• Idea: freedom, happiness

Sentence: The dog barked at the stranger.

2. Pronoun

A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun to avoid repetition.

Examples: he, she, it, they, you, we

Sentence: She gave him the keys.

3. Verb

A verb expresses an action or a state of being.

Examples: run, eat, is, have, think

Sentence: They play soccer every weekend.

4. Adjective

An adjective describes or modifies a noun or pronoun.

Examples: happy, blue, tall, fast

Sentence: The blue car is very fast.

5. Adverb

An adverb describes or modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb. It often tells how, when, where, or to what extent.

Examples: quickly, very, yesterday, outside

Sentence: She sings beautifully.

6. Preposition

A preposition shows the relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and another word in the sentence. Examples: in, on, at, under, over, between

Sentence: The book is on the table.

7. Conjunction

A conjunction connects words, phrases, or clauses.

Examples: and, but, or, because, although

Sentence: I wanted to go, but it was raining.

8. Interjection

An interjection is a word or phrase that expresses strong emotion or surprise.

Examples: Wow!, Oh no!, Hey!, Oops!

Sentence: Wow! That was an amazing performance!

Forming Simple Sentences in English

(Level: Elementary / A1–A2)

What is a Simple Sentence?

A simple sentence has one subject and one verb, and it expresses a complete idea.

🔹 Example: She reads.🔹 Example: I like apples.

🔑 Tips to Form Simple Sentences

🧱 Sentence Formula

✅ I eat apples every day.✅ She reads books at night.

✏️ Student Worksheet (Basic English Grammar Practice)

A. Fill in the Blanks

1. I _____ a banana. (eat/drink)

2. She _____ a pen. (have/has)

3. They _____ football. (play/plays)

B. Correct the Sentences

1. He eat a apple. → _____________

2. We plays cricket. → _____________

C. Make Your Own Sentences

🏠 Homework

Task: Write 5 simple English sentences using different subjects and verbs. Example:

• I watch TV.

• They ride bicycles. Try to include: I, He, She, We, They

✍️ Comprehensive Classroom Exercises

📄 A. Fill in the Blanks (Choose the Correct Verb)

Focus: Subject-Verb agreement

1. He _______ football. (play / plays)

2. They _______ in Delhi. (live / lives)

3. I _______ tea every morning. (drink / drinks)

4. She _______ a student. (is / are)

5. We _______ English every day. (learn / learns)

📄 B. Match the Sentence Parts

Draw lines to make correct sentences

📄 C. Correct the Sentences

Find and fix the mistakes

1. He go to school. → ___________________

2. I likes banana. → ___________________

3. She are happy. → ___________________

4. We plays cricket. → ___________________

5. They is my friends. → ___________________

📄 D. Sentence Builder (S-V-O Game)

Cut and shuffle words. Ask students to rearrange them into correct sentences.

Example set:

• (book / a / reads / She)

• (go / We / to / school)

• (watch / I / TV)

• (likes / He / milk)

📄 E. Make Your Own Sentences

Write 5 simple sentences using:

• One with I

• One with He or She

• One with They

• One with We

• One with You

🗣️ F. Speaking Practice Prompts

Ask students to respond verbally:

• What do you eat for breakfast?

• Where do you live?

• What do you like?

• What do you do every day?

Prefer giving full sentence responses:🟢 “I eat bread.”, “I live in Aligarh.”, “I like music.”

📌 Summary Table: Subject + Verb + Object Examples

🏠 Homework Ideas

Task: Write 6 simple sentences:

• 3 about yourself

• 3 about your family or friends

A comprehensive list of essential grammar rules:

🧩 1. Subject-Verb Agreement (Noun + Verb)

A singular subject takes a singular verb, and a plural subject takes a plural verb.

Examples:

• ✅ She goes to school every day.

• ✅ They go to school every day.

• ❌ She go to school every day.

🔁 2. Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

A pronoun must agree in number and gender with the noun it replaces.

Examples:

• ✅ The boy lost his book.

• ✅ The girls finished their homework.

• ❌ The girl lost their bag.

📌 3. Use of Articles with Nouns

Use “a” before words starting with a consonant sound, “an” before a vowel sound, and “the” for specific nouns.

Examples:

• ✅ She has a dog.

• ✅ He is an honest man.

• ✅ The sun rises in the east.

📝 4. Correct Placement of Adjectives

Adjectives usually come before the noun they modify.

Examples:

• ✅ She wore a beautiful dress.

• ❌ She wore dress beautiful.

⏱ 5. Adverb Placement

Adverbs that modify verbs often come after the verb or at the end of the sentence.

Examples:

• ✅ He spoke softly.

• ✅ She quickly left the room.

• ❌ He softly spoke.

(Note: Adverb placement can vary, but should not cause confusion.)

🔗 6. Conjunction Usage

Use coordinating conjunctions (FANBOYS) to join independent clauses: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.

Examples:

• ✅ I wanted to go, but it started raining.

• ✅ She is smart, and she works hard.

📍 7. Preposition + Noun or Pronoun

A preposition is always followed by a noun or pronoun to form a prepositional phrase.

Examples:

• ✅ The pen is on the table.

• ✅ He sat next to her.

• ❌ He sat next to.

❗ 8. Interjection Rules

• Interjections are followed by exclamation marks (!) for strong emotion or commas for mild emotion.

Examples:

• ✅ Wow! That’s amazing.

• ✅ Oh, I didn’t know that.

🔤 9. Capitalization and Punctuation

Always capitalize the first word of a sentence and proper nouns.

Use appropriate punctuation at the end of a sentence (period, question mark, exclamation mark).

Examples:

• ✅ John lives in New York.

• ✅ What is your name?

📚 10. Verb Tense Consistency

Keep the same tense within a sentence unless the time frame changes.

Examples:

• ✅ She went to the market and bought apples.

• ❌ She goes to the market and bought apples.

🧠 Order of Adjectives

• When using multiple adjectives, follow the order: Opinion → Size → Age → Shape → Color → Origin → Material → Purpose + Noun

Example:

• ✅ She bought a beautiful small old round red Italian leather riding saddle.

📘 Mastering Sentence Construction

✍️ Section A: Subject-Verb Agreement

Instructions: Choose the correct verb to complete each sentence.

1. She ___ (go / goes) to the gym every morning.

2. The children ___ (plays / play) in the park after school.

3. My dog ___ (bark / barks) at strangers.

4. Neither of the answers ___ (is / are) correct.

5. The list of items ___ (is / are) on the table.

🧍‍♂️ Section B: Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement

Instructions: Fill in the correct pronoun.

1. Every student must bring ___ own notebook.

2. The players celebrated ___ victory.

3. A boy should take care of ___ things.

4. Each of the girls wore ___ favorite dress.

5. The cat licked ___ paw clean.

📰 Section C: Articles (a, an, the)

Instructions: Fill in the blanks with a, an, or the.

1. I saw ___ elephant at the zoo.

2. He is ___ honest man.

3. There is ___ apple on the table.

4. She bought ___ umbrella and ___ coat.

5. ___ sun sets in the west.

🎨 Section D: Adjective Placement

Instructions: Rewrite the sentences with adjectives in the correct order.

1. She wore a red beautiful dress.

2. He has a new black large car.

3. They live in a wooden small house.

4. I met a famous Indian old actor.

5. She bought a leather nice brown bag.

🚀 Section E: Adverb Usage

Instructions: Underline the adverb and identify which word it modifies.

1. He quickly ran to the station.

2. She sings beautifully.

3. They often visit their grandparents.

4. The baby slept peacefully.

5. He rarely makes mistakes.

🔗 Section F: Conjunctions

Instructions: Join the sentences using the correct coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so).

1. I was tired. I went to bed.

2. She is smart. She is hardworking.

3. You can take a taxi. You can wait for the bus.

4. He didn’t study. He passed the test.

5. It was raining. We stayed indoors.

🧭 Section G: Prepositions

Instructions: Fill in the blanks with correct prepositions (in, on, at, under, between, next to).

1. The keys are ___ the drawer.

2. She sat ___ me during the meeting.

3. We arrived ___ 8 o’clock.

4. The book is ___ the shelf.

5. He lives ___ Mumbai.

❗ Section H: Interjections

Instructions: Choose the appropriate interjection and punctuate correctly.

1. ___ That was amazing. (Wow / Well)

2. ___ I didn’t expect that. (Oh / Aha)

3. ___ You broke it again! (Oops / Hey)

4. ___ What a beautiful sunset! (Oh / Alas)

5. ___ We won the match! (Hurray / Ouch)

✏️ Section I: Capitalization & Punctuation

Instructions: Rewrite the sentences using correct capitalization and punctuation.

1. she went to london last summer

2. my name is raj and i live in delhi

3. where are you going

4. wow that’s a great idea

5. did john call you yesterday

🕰️ Section J: Tense Consistency

Instructions: Choose the correct verb form to maintain tense consistency.

1. She was reading a book and then (go / went) to bed.

2. They walked to the park and (play / played) football.

3. I am cooking dinner while he (sets / set) the table.

4. He writes a letter and (posted / posts) it.

5. She had eaten before she (leave / left) the house.

🧠 Order of Adjectives

Instructions: Arrange the adjectives in the correct order.

1. A (round / small / old) table

2. A (German / expensive / black) car

3. A (woolen / red / beautiful) scarf

4. A (plastic / long / blue) hose

5. A (leather / comfortable / brown) sofa